when you go to https://magento.test/gear/bags.html for example how does magento handle it

I mean I read that the anatomy of a magento url is something like frontName/controllerName/actionName. but what about when I navigate to gear and then bags

It takes me to ‘https://magento.test/gear/bags.html ‘ and then when I try to click on sort by product name it takes me to https://magento.test/gear/bags.html?product_list_order=name What handled the click and changed the url.

I’m confused so much can anyone give help or guidelines or steps I can take to understand how this is hapening